Insights into primate diversity: Lessons from the rhesus macaque

ScienceDaily (June 29, 2012) ? New research published in BMC Genetics shows that the rhesus macaque has three times as much genetic variation as humans. However despite much of this extra variation within genes, protein function is not affected. Consequently damaging variations are at similar levels in macaques and humans -- indicating a strong selection pressure to maintain gene function regardless of mutation rate or population size.

Humans and rhesus macaques shared a common ancestor approximately 25 million years ago. Although there are now over seven billion humans on the planet only 100,000 years ago the human population was as low as one million. The effective human population, the number of people required to explain current genetic variation rate, was until recently less than 8,000.

The population size of rhesus macaques is in the millions and is exceeded only by humans (among primates). However there are 13 subspecies which have evolved to exploit environments as diverse as savannah and forests, and across a range of climate zones.

A team of researchers led by Christina Barr and David Goldman from the NIH determined that the effective population size for these primates was 80,000, ten times that of humans. Analysis of genetic variation, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), showed that the macaque genome had three times higher genetic variation than humans. Most of these SNP were previously unknown and were disproportionally found in functionally important regions of DNA and each known gene had at least one SNP.

Dr. Goldman explained, "Although macaques have more variation than humans in the protein coding regions of genes, the ratio of variation in these regions compared to non-coding regions is significantly lower. Additionally the macaque variation is less likely to alter protein function. This brings down the amount of damaging variation to a level close to what was actually seen in humans."

Dr Barr continued "Our comparative approach across primate species (human and macaques) gives us a genomic view of evolutionary selection and reaffirms the effects of population history on genetic variation. Not very long ago, on an evolutionary timescale, there were more macaques than people, and the genomes of both species are a legacy of those times past."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BioMed Central.

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Journal Reference:

1. Qiaoping Yuan, Zhifeng Zhou, Stephen G Lindell, James Dee Higley, Betsy Ferguson, Robert C Thompson, Juan F Lopez, Stephen J Suomi, Basel Baghal, Maggie Baker, Deborah C Mash, Christina S Barr and David Goldman. The rhesus macaque is three times as diverse but more closely equivalent in damaging coding variation as compared to the human. BMC Genetics, 2012 [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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How Sweet! Dinosaurs May Be Warm-Blooded After All

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SEO London Agency Will Bring Your Online Business on the Top of Its

In the current conditions inside the global market the services offered by SEO organizations gather pace and play a crucial role within the promotion and prosperity of business. This may be explained by the fact that the social marketing keeps growing daily because of the interest in services offered online. That?s the reason a lot of business companies address to seo london for creating, design and posting of their sites in internet along with taking care of the leading places in the lists inside the major search engines like google.

In this article we want to discuss SEO London which presents numerous services offered for the UK and USA companies. SEO London organizations direct their activity to improve the visibility of the site and have more prospective buyers for the products supplied by your enterprise.
When you are just starting your business online then you certainly haven?t an internet site. For this reason first thing that is going to be proposed from the skillful stuff of SEO London agency will be the initiating of a web page, which could abundantly describe the sphere of your respective company?s activity as well as the info concerning its production and services. The specialized designers would make a fantastic arrangement on your site and create a well-remembered advertisement or post some interesting information that wouldn?t leave any user indifferent. Thus visiting your website once, an internet surfer would open it up time and time again.
Our next intended objective of an expert SEO agency should be to post the hyperlinks connected with your site in several internet sources as much as possible. All the links are usually situated on the most favored sites or blogs and provided by the attractive slogans, so that the internet surfer might be certainly seduced to click and then to enter your online site. Furthermore the seo london agency should supply your online page with the articles, making use of the keywords referenced your online site, posted in various search engines of internet. This copywriting would supply a constant traffic on your site and optimize the ranks of internet search engines.
Yet another point which should be looked at by a company leader and also a SEO agency that delivers this business with its services may be the constant control of the existing traffic that is decisive for your site. This means that in case the level of your site visiting was reduced within the recent time, than observing this case, a SEO organization should change its tactics in promotion within your business or perhaps expand the traffic using the mentioned above steps. Don?t forget that it?s a crucial thing which will determine the volume of your clients.
Generally the professional SEO agency London would do its best to advertise your business therefore make you confident concerning the prosperity of your company along with would provide your web page with the top ranking inside the major internet search engines as Google and Yahoo.

For more information about seo london visit our website.

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Video: Are You a Financial Thrill-Seeker?

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

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Facebook's Find Friends Nearby feature falls off the map, leaves buddy locating to other social apps

We're happy to chat up our Facebook friends on the web, but empowering them to track us down in person makes that virtual social experience feel a bit too real. Perhaps that was the reasoning behind the mysterious disappearance of the company's new Find Friends Nearby feature, which bit the dust yesterday just as quickly as it first appeared. During its hours-long tenure, the new tracking tab didn't give precise friend location information, but did provide a list of buddies in an undisclosed vicinity, making it possible for some not-so-top-tier contacts to realize that you're still in Tulsa, and didn't actually make that move to Timbuktu. Whatever the reason, Find Friends Nearby is now very much lost, but it could theoretically make its return at any point in the future. For now, you'll need to return to keeping an eye on acquaintances the old-fashioned way.

Facebook's Find Friends Nearby feature falls off the map, leaves buddy locating to other social apps originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 26 Jun 2012 16:35:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Menupause ? Blog Archive ? Berry Sunny Tea

June is National Iced Tea Month, which I did not find out about until a few days ago. However, iced tea lovers drink it all summer as well as into the winter, so no need to apologize for the tardy posting, is there?? One of the easiest ways to make fresh iced tea is to put a jar with the tea bags or leaves in the sun and let the liquid ?tea? to the desired strength.

After my tea was ready, I then added some berry juice to it, chilled it,? & used it in a green smoothie. So there are two parts to this posting: the recipes for sun tea and the smoothie and also a reprint on food combining in smoothies by Victoria Boutenko, whose books I have reviewed previously. The article is reprinted with her permission and the website link is: www.rawfamily.com.

P.S. If you have been following June?s recipes, you will see that I feature berries in most of them. They are one of my favorite food categories and I am grateful they are also health-promoting!

Sun Tea before exposing it to the sun on my condo patio.

Utensils: One quart jar, strainer
Prep. Time: About one hour
Cooking Time: None
Category: Vegan, Gluten Free, Sugar Free*

Sun Tea after one hour

Ingredients

2 cups filtered water
1-2 green tea bags
1-2 peppermint tea bags (or fresh peppermint leaves)
1/2 cup berry juice (I used organic blueberry, pomegranate juice)

Directions

1. Fill jar with filtered water and add tea bags and/or leaves. (I have fresh peppermint on my patio garden, so I used these.)
2. Place in the sun for about 2 hours.
3. Strain; add 1/2 cup juice and chill.
Variation: When serving, garnish with fresh mint leaves, if available.

*If the tea is not sweet enough for you, feel free to add stevia (sweetener from stevia leaves; See Glossary) or add honey.

Sun Tea after 2 hours

To make my green smoothie, I used 8 ounces of chilled Berry Sunny Tea, added three or four leaves of organic butter crunch lettuce, some fresh fruit, and buzzed until smooth in the blender. I have enclosed a recipe posted previously, because I didn?t think to photographic my green smoothie from the iced tea. I changed the recipe to reflect using sun tea instead of water.

Berry Sunny ?Green? Smoothie

Ingredients (approximate amounts)

one cup Berry Sunny Iced tea
2 ? 3 leaves of organic Romaine lettuce or a handful of spinach or arugula
1/2 organic mango, peeled and cut
1/2 cup organic strawberries, washed & stems removed
1/4 cup organic blueberries, washed & stems removed

Directions

1. Place iced tea in blender. Add greens (lettuce will have to be cut smaller) & blend.
2. Add other fruits and more tea for thinner consistency. Blend well.
3. Drink within the same day as prepared.

Note: The fruits and greens can be of your choosing. Use what?s in season at the markets and what you have on hand. Add more or less water depending on whether or not you want a very thick smoothie or a thinner smoothie. Also, the type of fruits you choose can be more or less watery, so start with one cup iced tea and add if necessary.

$16.95
You may purchase Green for Life Here.

Below is the article (mentioned earlier) to explain why Green Smoothies do not violate the hygienic idea of proper food combining. The article is taken from Victoria?s Book, Green for Life, shown above and? which I reviewed previously. (Note: The sections in bold are my addition to highlight the important elements of the essay.) Also, you can find the Food Combining Diet in my Nobody Eats Like Me category.? I posted it into 4 parts, starting last July 10th, 2011, so you can click on July 2011 in the archives & scroll back to July 10th.)

?

Food Combining and Green Smoothies
by Victoria Boutenko

A popular question that I receive often is: Victoria, isn?t a green smoothie poor food combining?

I respond with the following fragment from my book Green for Life:

I wonder how greens, such as kale, romaine lettuce, spinach, carrot tops, and others got classified as vegetables? Why do we call completely different food groups ?vegetables? when they look different and contain different sets of nutrients? A produce manager from a local health food store suggested that the produce section be divided into several different smaller groups of plant foods with specific similarities, for example, roots (carrots, beets, daikon, etc.) flowers (broccoli, cauliflower, artichokes, etc.), and non-sweet fruit (cucumbers, zucchini, squash, tomatoes, etc.). Combining foods with similar nutritional values would not only help shoppers to find necessary ingredients faster but would also help them to become familiar with more plant foods and increase their variety of vegetarian food consumption.

Obviously, people do not consider plants to be important enough to be classified properly. Even at the regular supermarket one can see that other food departments have more detailed classifications. For example, the meat department is divided into poultry, fish, and meat, which in turn is subdivided into smaller sections such as veal, ground meats, bones, and subproducts. Every item is carefully categorized, specifying which part of the animal it is from. Cheeses have their own specifications. Nobody would ever classify cheese and meat together in one ?sandwich food? group, because it would be inconvenient and unclear.

Yet this kind of confusion and error continually occurs in the produce section. Some errors are quite serious, to such a degree that they could cause health problems. As an example of this, placing starchy roots in the same category with tomatoes and rhubarb could prompt customers to make improper food-combining choices. Many nutritionists believe in the benefits of proper food combining. For example, starchy tubers combined in one meal with sour fruits or vegetables can create fermentation and gas in our intestines.

Placing greens in the same category as vegetables has caused people to mistakenly apply the combining rules of starchy vegetables to greens. Driven by this confusion, many concerned people wrote to me inquiring if blending fruits with greens was proper food combining. They had heard that ?fruits and vegetables did not mix well.? Yes, to combine starchy vegetables with fruits would not be a good idea. Such a combination can cause gas in the intestines. However, greens are not vegetables, and greens are not starchy. In fact, greens are the only food group that helps digest other foods through stimulating the secretion of digestive enzymes. Thus greens can be combined with any other foods. In addition, it has been recorded that chimpanzees often consume fruits and leaves from the same tree at the same feeding time. In fact, Jane Goodall and other researchers have observed them rolling fruits inside of leaves and eating them as ?sandwiches.?

There is yet another great misconception that results from placing greens and vegetables in the same category. Such inappropriate generalizations have lead researchers to the erroneous conclusion that greens are a poor source of protein. Contrary to this popular belief, greens are an excellent source of protein, as you will see in the following chapter.

I propose that we separate greens from vegetables, now and forevermore. Greens have never received proper attention and have never been researched adequately because they have been incorrectly identified as vegetables. We don?t even have a proper name for greens in most languages. The name ?dark green leafy vegetables? is long and inconvenient to use, similar to ?the animal with horns that gives milk.?

We don?t have complete nutritional data about greens. For this book I had to collect bits and pieces of information out of books and magazines from different countries, and I still don?t have all the parts. I have not, for example, been able to find the complete nutritional content of carrot tops anywhere. Nevertheless, I have enough to draw some essential conclusions: greens are the primary food group that matches human nutritional needs most completely.

$16.95
You may purchase Green for Life Here.

?

P.S.? This is my last posting for June. I am combining July & August and will post the Home Page in a day or so.

This entry was posted on Tuesday, June 26th, 2012 at 1:29 pm and is filed under Kitchen Nutrition. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.

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Cannon.fm Launches Local Music Streaming Radio App

In an attempt to watch their development, I've been keeping tabs on a small Columbus OH startup called Cannon.fm. I first talked with them several weeks ago before their product launch, and have been interviewing them occasionally, to see how they are adapting, changing, improving, revising their business model and product. That product ? a streaming radio iOS app called Cannon.fm that is specifically for local musicians ? launched over the weekend. How is it working out? It's not perfect, I can't lie, but I am still loving it.

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home improvement | bathroom flooring

When remodeling a bathroom, choosing the right flooring plays an integral part in helping you achieve the overall look that you are going for. In a small space, the floor covers a lot of surface area so you want it to not only be practical and durable, but you also want it to be aesthetically pleasing.

? For good reason, the old standby for bathrooms is tile. Ceramic, marble and stone tiles are water-resistant and withstand the rigors of bathroom life.

? If you are looking for something unique and creative, ask your bathroom remodeler about custom tile work or the possibility of a creating a mosaic out of smaller tiles.

? A more recent addition to the tile family is recycled glass tile. While glass tiles are usually used on walls, backsplashes and countertops they can also be used on bathroom floors. They aren?t as prone to breakage as you?d think but they can be slippery and scratch fairly easily. If you decide to go with glass tile, consider tiles with a sandblasted surface and talk to your home improvement expert about which brand would be most durable as flooring.

? Installing in-floor heating coils under your bathroom floor will help warm up an otherwise cool space. You can put in a timer so that the floor is toasty warm for your toes when you step in first thing in the morning.

? For a naturally warm and earthy feeling in the bathroom, you existing hardwood floors can be refinished or you can have new ones installed. An even more eco-friendly option would be to use salvaged or reclaimed wood. Wood in the bathroom must be well sealed to help it withstand the moisture and temperature fluctuations.

? Bamboo and cork are natural and sustainable alternatives to using hardwood in the bathroom. They each have their own unique properties but are both durable and are resistant to mold and mildew but we do recommend sealing them to protect them from water splashes. Cork is softer and warmer underfoot (and is my personal favorite).

? If you like the natural look of hardwood floors but aren?t comfortable putting wood in the bathroom, the perfect option is installing very real looking faux hardwood porcelain tiles. According to the bathroom remodeling experts at Indy Renovation, ?lining your bathroom with a porcelain tile mimicking hardwood is the way to go. It is creative, embraces nature, and is naturally resistant to mold and moisture.?

Taking on a bathroom renovation can be a daunting task but don?t let that stop you from creating the bathroom of your dreams with just the right flooring.

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IT Support System: Providing Safe Computer Data Recovery ...

Most modern businesses, big and small, use computers and rely on Information Technology system to manage their daily operations. Indeed, IT has made life easier not only for people in business, but in all fields of human endeavors as well. It has become the life and blood of commerce and industry.

However, a number of small business owners still fail to recognize the value of IT support and maintenance to the survival of their companies. A computer problem or emergency can strike anytime and cause irreparable damage to business operations. Fortunately, most people in the US, including those in Portland, Oregon, have discovered the importance of an IT support system to protect their business.

The first IT support to consider is a back up to your computer network. It is necessary to have a copy or copies of your files in case of system error. It can prove disastrous to your business and you may have difficulty trying to recover those precious data once they?re lost.

If you have a backup system, though, make sure to check that it works. There are many things which may corrupt the system and make it useless. You must regularly check it to make sure you can recover your data in case of an emergency.

A backup system, however, may be vulnerable and susceptible to damage if it remains in the office. A fire, flood, or hurricane can render your whole operations useless. You must maintain an offsite backup as an added IT support system to ensure recovery of your data. Businesses can avail of this service from companies providing IT support Portland clients prefer.

Everybody knows that a virus can spell doom to your computer. Hence, it is essential to remember that keeping your data safe and secure is one of the most important elements of an IT support maintenance. You must provide your computer with an effective virus protection feature which companies offering IT support Portland OR clients prefer can supply.

Some business owners may also think that nobody is interested to hack their computer system and their complacency may prove costly. Hackers do not choose only big institutions; they go for the most vulnerable. Hence, setting up a firewall is a must to protect your system from these hackers. Companies offering IT support Portland Oregon business owners hire can provide this service. To keep your computer data secure from any possible harm or danger, you must have proper IT support and maintenance. For more information on the topic, log on to ehow.com/how_8466772_setup-offsite-backup-servers.html.

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Massachusetts health care model under scrutiny (cbsnews)

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Corporate money men fill the political void at Rio+20

Move over Ban Ki-moon, the corporate money men are in town. That was the message from the final hours of the otherwise damp-squib Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero last week.

On Friday, as delegates prepared to go home, UN officials toured the halls explaining why the official declaration struck by government delegations earlier in the week, titled The World We Want, was so devoid of concrete commitments to fight planetary perils and injustice.

"We can't legislate sustainable development in the current state of international relations," said Achim Steiner, head of the UN Environment Programme. There was no political leadership, and hence no political commitment to protect the oceans, and only platitudes where there should be schemes to uplift the poor and create a green economy.

But despite the political void, the organisers could still claim a major success. Corporations, who were largely absent from the first Earth Summit in Rio 20 years ago, were coming to the table, Steiner said. Where politicians shrank from commitments, corporations were overflowing with them.

The conference secretary-general Sha Zukang said some 1500 business leaders had attended the summit, and had stumped up half a trillion dollars of corporate cash to fund various UN agendas, though it was unclear how much of this was new money and how much was simply mainstream corporate investment.

Among the new corporate actors at the heart of UN policymaking on the green agenda is Chad Holliday, chairman of the Bank of America and former president of DuPont. He is now also co-chair of the Sustainable Energy For All initiative led by UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon that aims to unlock private investment to deliver its eponymous pledge by 2030. The initiative would be "the greatest public-private partnership of all time", Holliday said at the summit.

Ban's energy plan, which was heavily promoted by UN officials throughout the conference, aims to connect 1.3 billion people to electricity and end the reliance of more than 2 billion people on lung-damaging charcoal and firewood for cooking. It also has targets for doubling the contribution of sustainable sources to world energy, and improving energy efficiency.

Business had already pledged $50 billion, said Holliday's co-chair of the initiative, Kandeh Yumkella, director-general of the UN Industrial Development Organization: "More than a billion people will benefit." Business too, agreed Holliday. "Companies are here because they see opportunities."

The energy plan is seen within the UN as a prototype for achieving the kind of sustainable development goals that the conference agreed should be drawn up in the next three years. Ban said that in future "business leaders [are] to be part of the creation and promotion of new sustainable development goals."

The conference could not agree on what the goals should cover, but topics are likely to include food, water supply and transport. The Asian Development Bank, along with seven other development banks, announced that in the coming decade it hopes to mastermind public and private investment of $175 billion on greener transport systems in developing countries, including railways, buses and more fuel-efficient vehicles.

For many here, the future of the UN's activity in promoting sustainable development looks less like a coalition of national governments driven by common goals, and more like a series of corporate initiatives.

Tim Wirth, a veteran US environmental policymaker who now heads the UN Foundation, which aims to link up the UN system with business, told a press conference that this new world order was on view already. "Public-private partnerships are the dominant theme here in Rio," he told a press conference. "The official document is less important."

If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.

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Is there ice on the moon? Scientists spot shiny crater.

A team of MIT researchers found ice may make up 22 percent of the material on the moon's quite bright crater floor.

By Nancy Atkinson,?Universe Today / June 21, 2012

De Gerlache Crater, Shackleton Crater, Sverdrup Crater, Shoemaker Crater, Faustini Crater, Cabeus Crater, and Nobile Crater, as imaged by NASA

Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech

Enlarge

Shackleton crater on the Moon?s south pole has been somewhat of an enigma, as its permanently shadowed interior has made it difficult to detect what is inside. But with new observations using the laser altimeter on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft, a team of researchers has essentially illuminated the crater?s interior with laser light, measuring its albedo, or natural reflectance.

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'; } else if (google_ads.length > 1) { ad_unit += ''; } } document.getElementById("ad_unit").innerHTML += ad_unit; google_adnum += google_ads.length; return; } var google_adnum = 0; google_ad_client = "pub-6743622525202572"; google_ad_output = 'js'; google_max_num_ads = '1'; google_feedback = "on"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_adtest = "off"; google_image_size = '230x105'; google_skip = '0'; // --> If humans are ever to inhabit the moon, the lunar poles may well be the location of choice: Because of the small tilt of the lunar spin axis, the poles contain regions of near-permanent sunlight, needed for power, and regions of near-permanent darkness containing ice ? both of which would be essential resources for any lunar colony.

The area around the moon's Shackleton crater could be a prime site. Scientists have long thought that the crater ? whose interior is a permanently sunless abyss ? may contain reservoirs of frozen water. But inconsistent observations over the decades have cast doubt on whether ice might indeed exist in the shadowy depths of the crater, which sits at the moon's south pole.

The scientists found that the crater?s floor is quite bright, an observation consistent with the presence of ice. In fact, ice may make up 22 percent of the material on the crater floor, with possibly more ice embedded within the crater walls.

?We decided we would study the living daylights out of this crater,? said Maria Zuber from the Massachuesetts Institute of Technology, who lead a team to study Shackleton Crater. ?From the incredible density of observations we were able to make an extremely detailed topographic map.?

For laser altimeter observations, elevation maps can be created by measuring the time it takes for laser light to bounce down to the Moon?s surface and back to the instrument. The longer it takes, the lower the terrain?s elevation. Using these measurements, the group mapped the crater?s floor and the slope of its walls.

The team used over 5 million measurements to create their detailed map.

While the crater?s floor was relatively bright, Zuber and her colleagues observed that its walls were even brighter. The finding was at first puzzling. Scientists had thought that if ice were anywhere in a crater, it would be on the floor, where no direct sunlight penetrates. The upper walls of Shackleton crater are occasionally illuminated, which could evaporate any ice that accumulates.

A theory offered by the team to explain the puzzle is that ?moonquakes?? seismic shaking brought on by meteorite impacts or gravitational tides from Earth ? may have caused Shackleton?s walls to slough off older, darker soil, revealing newer, brighter soil underneath. Zuber?s team?s ultra-high-resolution map provides strong evidence for ice on both the crater?s floor and walls.

?There may be multiple explanations for the observed brightness throughout the crater,? said Zuber. ?For example, newer material may be exposed along its walls, while ice may be mixed in with its floor.?

The crater, named after the Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton, is nearly 20 km (more than 12 miles) wide and over 3 km (2 miles) deep ? about as deep as Earth?s oceans. Zuber described the crater?s interior as ?extremely rugged ? It would not be easy to crawl around in there.?

She added that the new topographic map will help researchers understand crater formation and study other uncharted areas of the moon.

?I will never get over the thrill when I see a new terrain for the first time,? Zuber said. ?It?s that sort of motivation that causes people to explore to begin with. Of course, we?re not risking our lives like the early explorers did, but there is a great personal investment in all of this for a lot of people.?

Ben Bussey, staff scientist at Johns Hopkins University?s Applied Physics Laboratory, said the new evidence for ice in Shackleton crater may indeed help determine the course for future lunar missions.

?Ice in the polar regions has been sort of an enigmatic thing for some time ? I think this is another piece of evidence for the possibility of ice,? Bussey says. ?To truly answer the question, we?ll have to send a lunar lander, and these results will help us select where to send a lander.?

And for any humans explorers, a crater like Shackleton at the lunar poles may well be the best location for a base, as the poles contain regions of near-permanent sunlight needed for power, and regions of near-permanent darkness containing ice ? both of which would be essential resources for any lunar colony.

The team?s research was published today in the Journal?Nature.

Nancy Atkinson is Universe Today's Senior Editor. She also is the host of the?NASA Lunar Science Institute podcast?and works with the?Astronomy Cast?and?365 Days of Astronomy?podcasts. Nancy is also a NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador.

Connect with Nancy on?Facebook?|?Twitter?|?Google +?|?Website

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NATO will exit Afghanistan as Soviets did, through Central Asia

NATO signs deals with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan to truck its military supplies from Afghan war out through Central Asia, giving it options instead of closed Pakistan route.

By Scott Baldauf,?Staff writer / June 5, 2012

A NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) walks toward the police checkpoint in Jalalabad east of Kabul, Afghanistan, last week. NATO will exit Afghanistan through Central Asia, the same route the Soviet troops took after their withdrawal.

Rahmat Gul/AP

Enlarge

NATO may not know the final result of its intervention in Afghanistan, but it now has an exit plan. And the exit will take place through Central Asia, the same route the Soviet troops took after their withdrawal in 1988 and 1989.

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As relations worsen between the United States and Pakistan, NATO has signed deals with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan (see map here) to move out the tons of equipment that must be withdrawn by 2014, when NATO makes its final exit from Afghanistan.

Speaking with Agence France-Presse news agency, NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said that NATO now considers Central Asia and its Russian-built roads to be the most expedient route out of Afghanistan. ?

"These agreements will give us a range of new options and the robust and flexible transport network we need," Mr. Rasmussen said.

Tarnished by more than a decade of war, mutual recriminations, and foreign policy goals that are increasingly at odds, the US-Pakistani relationship now has reached a nadir. From the early post 9/11 days, when NATO received 90 percent of its supplies for the Afghan war through the Pakistani port of Karachi, now Pakistan has cut off NATO?s old supply routes. Last November, Pakistan banned NATO?s use of Pakistani territory after NATO planes mistakenly bombed a Pakistani post, killing 24 Pakistani soldiers.

For Pakistan, the NATO bombing was the last straw, following the violation of its territorial sovereignty last year when US Navy SEALs captured and killed Osama bin Laden in the Pakistani city of Abbottabad.

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Telefonica offers new plans in Mexico to take on America Movil

The Mexican unit of Spanish telecom giant Telefonica SA launched a series of wireless products Thursday that Chief Executive Juan Abellan said are designed to draw millions of new users from rivals like market leader America Movil SAB by offering payment plans that charge by the second for calls and offer four services in one phone.

Speaking at a news conference, Mr. Abellan didn't give an exact target of how many users Telefonica Mexico, which operates under the Movistar brand, expects to add with its new suite of services. He said the goal is many millions of current users that the company hopes to poach from competitors like America Movil's local unit Telcel, as well as adding users new to the world of cellular phones and mobile Internet.

"A [cellular] telephone is practically in the basket of basic goods," Mr. Abellan said, adding that Telefonica wants to help Mexico close "the digital gap" it faces when compared with other Latin American nations like Brazil, Colombia and even Venezuela in terms of wireless penetration.

Telefonica also is investing heavily in infrastructure, with a new cellular tower going up every three hours, which builds on the strategic alliance signed last week with cellular provider Iusacell to share their national networks, the chief executive said.

The Telefonica network now covers 90% of the Mexican population, or about 100 million people, ending the "myth" that its coverage area is inferior to that of its competitors, said Mariano Moral, head of client services for Movistar Mexico. Telefonica is Mexico's No. 2 wireless provider, with about 20 million subscribers, or 22% of the market.

Mr. Abellan took several critical shots at Telcel and the controlling shareholder of America Movil, billionaire Carlos Slim, for what he called monopolistic practices and expensive pricing. Telcel has about 67 million subscribers, or 70% of the Mexican market. Mr. Abellan said that is the same percentage that Telcel had when Telefonica arrived in Mexico 12 years ago.

America Movil has responded to criticism about its pricing and market conditions by pointing to studies that show pricing in Mexico is on par with developed nations like the U.S.

Mr.

...

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Average Feature Film Length ? Independent Filmmaking Tips For ...

If you are just starting out to create your feature film you may have a lot of questions. Filmmakers tend to approach making a film in many different ways. Some of them use a script or a book, while others may just go with an idea off the top of their head. The question may come up regarding how long the average feature film length should be. A better question is how many pages of script is needed to make your film the length that you want it to be.

There is no exact answer as to how long your film should be. You may have a very short script of maybe 5 ? 10 pages. On the other hand your script may be 100 pages long. Then your film length will vary depending on the changes made during the film process itself.

To help determine the length of your feature film you can use the industry average: 30 seconds of footage per page of script. Keep in mind that that is a rough guess considering that long extensive spoken lines will take longer to do that shorter or fewer spoken lines. This is something to remember if you want your film length to be a specific amount of time when completed.

If you have made any films before you will already know that there is a lot of editing to be do. Changing the layout can certainly change the time frame of the film. When you shoot 60 minutes of footage it may actually end up being closer to 30 ? 40 minutes of feature film.

The biggest problem most filmmakers face with their scrips is making sure that they have enough detail to create enough footage. It takes approximately 30 pages of script to make a 15 minute production. And then, if you edit out certain areas you will need to lengthen your script to meet your goal of a 15 minute film.

When you have a team of writers, or even just one, the task of editing the script is made much easier. Your job as filmmaker would include reading the script over and making notes about it which will help the writers to expand the story in the areas you want more details or information.

If you are one of the lucky ones who has the creative knack of expanding out a script as you go then the actual length of the script is not all that important. Certainly quite a few filmmakers have taken a short script and made it into an extensive feature film. Experience definitely helps a filmmaker fine tune a script and the longer you?ve been doing it, the easier it is to flesh out a script. the main ingredient to succeeding is having a good script to begin with that is creative and has plenty of detail. This can help you get a grasp of how long your feature film length will be and make the whole creation process more enjoyable.

This is the best source of filmmaking tips I?ve found outside of an expensive film school. Check out: Feature Film Length and get lots of help to make your film a success!

Content About : Average Feature Film Length ? Independent Filmmaking Tips For Success Article

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#SciAmBlogs Thursday - mirror-image twins, meiosis, microbial mountain, fMRI primer, kiwi, blogging, scary bird flu, and more.

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anxiaostudio: My Chinese meme talk featured in O'Reilly Radar's round up of some excellent presos at #PDF12. http://t.co/CSIeeQsc Thanks @digiphile!

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Hands-on: Maingear Shift running Saitek flight-simulation hardware (video)

Custom PC builder Maingear had something pretty nifty up its sleeve at Pepcom tonight: versions of its desktops configured to run Saitek's flight-simulation hardware -- in this case, with a full cockpit setup. In partnership with Mad Catz, the company developed configurations of its Potenza, F131 and Shift desktops optimized to work with the Saitek line of flight-sim systems.

Tonight we saw the Shift paired with some pretty heavy-duty hardware: we're talking 18 USB connections for the full Saitek cockpit. Maingear's pro-certified system packs a Core i7 CPU clocked at up to 3.9GHz and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 graphics (with four GPUs), and with an experienced pilot behind the wheel, that translated into a smooth landing in Flight Simulator X. Maingear says the whole setup -- hardware controls plus the Shift desktop -- will go for $5,500 starting tomorrow. That's the top-of-the-line configuration, mind you; if your piloting aspirations are more modest, you could opt for the more affordable Potenza, which starts at $1,000. Check out a video demo below.

Gallery: Maingear Shift desktop running Saitek flight simulation hardware

Continue reading Hands-on: Maingear Shift running Saitek flight-simulation hardware (video)

Hands-on: Maingear Shift running Saitek flight-simulation hardware (video) originally appeared on Engadget on Thu, 21 Jun 2012 20:26:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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The Breathtaking Beauty of DIY Whiskey Distillation

In the past, high setup costs (several million dollars) and long maturation time (at least four years) made it hard to break into whiskey distilling. A revolution in aging techniques has addressed half of that problem, allowing decent whiskey to be made in just 16 months.

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Remembering Alan Turing at 100

Alan Turing would have turned 100 this week, an event that would have, no doubt, been greeted with all manner of pomp -- the centennial of a man whose mid-century concepts would set the stage for modern computing. Turing, of course, never made it that far, found dead at age 41 from cyanide poisoning, possibly self-inflicted. His story is that of a brilliant mind cut down in its prime for sad and ultimately baffling reasons, a man who accomplished so much in a short time and almost certainly would have had far more to give, if not for a society that couldn't accept him for who he was.

The London-born computing pioneer's name is probably most immediately recognized in the form of the Turing Machine, the "automatic machine" he discussed in a 1936 paper and formally extrapolated over the years. The concept would help lay the foundation for future computer science, arguing that a simple machine, given enough tape (or, perhaps more appropriately in the modern sense, storage) could be used to solve complex equations. All that was needed as Turing laid it out, was a writing method, a way of manipulating what's written and a really long ream to write on. In order to increase the complexity, only the storage, not the machine, needs upgrading.

Continue reading Remembering Alan Turing at 100

Remembering Alan Turing at 100 originally appeared on Engadget on Fri, 22 Jun 2012 14:00:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Volunteer Selling Skills: Getting Them To To Sell In Your Stores -

I am a conductor, did you know that? ?I founded a chorus that ultimately was a resident company of the 1100 seat Carpenter Center in Long Beach. It took a lot of volunteers to put on a show from the set designers, ushers, costume designers and the singers themselves.

One of my pet peeves was someone saying to me, ?You have to remember, we?re all volunteers.?

Like that meant there could be no standards or goals; I had to settle.

I didn?t ? if they were out of tune, they had to fix it. If they didn?t practice they were called on it. And if they didn?t understand that performing in a concert hall was a privledge and sold tickets to the show, they were gone.

I love volunteers but it is important to have standards.

I spoke at a couple of hospital gift show conventions over the years and found similiarities between my chorus and their organizations.

Finding a volunteer workforce can be daunting for anyone who runs a non-profit gift shop or store. Training volunteers to sell can be even harder.

Fortunately, the process doesn?t have to be as difficult as you may think.

There are many non-profits and hospital gift stores who operate efficiently with a staff made up almost totally of volunteers. ?If you?re wondering how to get your volunteers to work well for you, to increase their selling skills and boost your business, here are a few key ingredients you can add to the way you interact with your volunteer staff and build your team.

Establish The Vision

Every successful business, non-profit or not, must have a vision. ?It?s the ?why we do what we do each day.? Each volunteer should not only be made aware of the vision, but they should be encouraged to tie in to the vision.

For example, if you operate a hospital gift shop, your vision might be ?anticipating the needs of patients, families, visitors, and staff by providing excellent customer service through merchandise and service.? ?Let your staff know that the vision is your goal. ?When you build a rapport with your staff and establish their trust, they will want to work toward your vision with you.

Value

Volunteers whether they work in the non-profit gift store, the library, museum shop or as docents want to know that they are valued and respected. ?Let yours know on a regular basis that they are vital to you and your store. ?Continually focusing on each volunteer?s positive traits and on those traits all working together to form your team will help them see themselves as an important part of your store.

Standards

While it is often drummed into your ears to ?remember volunteers are not paid staff,? it is important to run your gift store with a clear set of standards for attendance and performance expectations. ?Again, think of singers in a chorus, they have to be in tune, practice their music and attend rehearsals or the entire group suffers.

Volunteers must know what the expectations are as a part of your team. ?Once your volunteers understand the vision and want to work toward the vision with you because of the relationship you have established with them, they should be quick to adhere to your expectations and will probably surpass them on a regular basis. If they don?t, don?t put up with them. You wouldn?t if they were paid; volunteering isn?t a ?get out of jail? card.

Process

Merchandise at a non-profit gift store often is expected to ?just sell itself.? But just like a retail store, when someone shows desire for an item worth more than a few dollars, a volunteer who understands selling can help them justify the purchase. The more merchandise they sell, the better they can give back to the non-profit.

Teach them a simple greeting, ?Good morning, feel free to look around and I?ll be right back.? ?Teach them to connect a feature, the facts of a product with a benefit the customer will get from purchasing it. ?Point out one additional item at the register. Those are three parts from the Five Parts to a Successful Sale that will get them selling.

Rewards

Nothing feels as good as knowing your work is appreciated. This is especially true for those in volunteer positions because they aren?t expecting anything in return. ?You are striving for excellence, and excellent volunteers are valuable to your store. ?Even something as simple as establishing a ?Selling Volunteer Of The Month? will give them pride and a desire to increase their selling skills to achieve even higher goals in the future.

Letting Go

One of the worst things you may ever have to do is to let one of ?your volunteers go. ?Sometimes, when performance expectations are not being met, selling skills are not up to par or other problems occur, volunteers have to be let go. ?This is a part of being a leader.

It is important that your volunteer staff understands that if problems arise that require you to let one of them go, you will. ?Knowing that their position has required expectations that will be upheld will give them a healthy respect for you and will cause them to work harder.

In Summary

Managing volunteers can be a rewarding experience when it is handled the right way. You have the opportunity to work with a group of people who are doing a job not because they need the money, but because they love it. ?Give them a reason to love it even more and increase their selling skills in the process. ?It?s a win-win!

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Cuban blog gathering prompts official criticism

HAVANA (AP) ? Cuban bloggers and tweeters talked tech in Havana on Thursday at a Spanish-organized forum promoting social media in one of the world's most unplugged nations, prompting accusations from state-run media of an attempt to foment subversive activities.

With about 50 people present on the first day of the three-day Click Festival, organizers and attendees insisted their purposes are not political.

"Click Festival is a technological event that aspires to spread the world about the use of new technologies here in Cuba," said Spaniard Jose Luis Antunez, one of the organizers. "It's an apolitical event, although it may have some links, and above all we want people of all ideological stripes to attend."

Antunez is a member of Spain Blog Event, or EBE for its initials in Spanish, which holds a similar conference each year in its home country and gets sponsorship from tech companies such as Microsoft and IBM.

Thursday evening, Cuban state-run website Cubadebate posted a strongly worded editorial seizing upon such corporate sponsorship, among other things, to allege nefarious intent by the organizers.

"In Havana they are cooking up a subversive monster, supposedly not politicized, 'promoting' the use of information and communications technologies," the editorial read.

"The intention of the Click Festival is clear," Cubadebate added. "To advance the strategy of constructing networks ahead of an aggression, as was done in Libya, Syria and before in Yugoslavia, and strengthen the idea of the counterrevolution linked to the United States as a promoter of freedom on the Internet."

Dissident blogger Yoani Sanchez, who is routinely excoriated in the official media, kept up a fast-paced barrage of tweets on subjects such as Cuba's woeful Internet access and the "rights of the Internaut."

"We Cubans are ready to become human beings of the 21st century," she told journalists. "We want to have access, and enjoy and learn from the new technologies."

Cuba is one of the least-connected countries in the world and relies on costly, plodding satellite hookup.

The government historically has complained that the U.S. embargo prevented it from linking to undersea cables that run near the island.

However a $70 million fiber-optic link strung from Venezuela has not changed Internet access in Cuba so far, and it's not even clear whether it's being used.

Cuban authorities stopped talking about the cable last year after its arrival, amid rumors of corruption and project mismanagement.

A Venezuelan official said recently that the cable was operational, but did not address rumors of problems with the infrastructure the cable was to link to.

___

Follow Andrea Rodriguez on Twitter at www.twitter.com/ARodriguezAP

Associated Press

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How to Market an Internet Business Selling eBooks

Selling eBooks can be a fantastic way to construct your internet business. If employed correctly, developing as well as marketing your personal eBooks can give the business the basis and trustworthiness it takes to start in to other profit-generating undertakings for example teaching.

Allow me to share four steps included in this procedure.

Step 1: Evaluate Your current Time and Resources

This can be a step which so many individuals never take into account. Right now, I consent that many of people get more time when compared with we realize because all of us are generally a touch irresponsible with it. However, this can be an question to think about. Do you?ve got three or four a long time every single day to commit in writing and also marketing eBooks?

Step 2: Figure out how Hard You happen to be Ready to Work

This really is another query that will may seem odd to a person, yet I feel is actually a good one. Especially in light of most the marketing buzz along with statements that many internet corporations can always be produced and also run by driving a button. This is like some other business endeavor. Hard work will be an important part of this, nevertheless the advantages are really worth the hard work. An gain of this business product is the selection to use outside agencies for most of your own work once you start generating an cash flow.

Step 3: Develop an Ideal Marketing Strategy

In the previous I am guilty of making use of a shotgun approach when marketing my eBooks. I would write an article, submit to my blog site, distribute a video so on. Dilemma is, just about all the marketing strategies I employed didn?t have continuity plus they wasn?t tactical. Currently, I plan along with execute certain motion steps daily together with the function of attaining certain ambitions. You will need to plan the marketing strategy using this method too.

Step 4: Perform the Plan Using Excellence as well as Persistence

Once you have identified just how much time you?ve got allotted each and every day to work on your current business and still have developed your current marketing strategy, it is time to implement it. You should find a peaceful place with couple of disruptions to carry out your daily tasks. Realize that unanticipated points will show up, therefore you have to double upward on the work a few days.

You must do your current work constantly along with perform it together with brilliance. For case in point, in case your day comprises of writing along with submitting five articles, developing one video training along with writing a short article, carry out these kind of duties to the greatest of your ability. The quality of your current marketing will reflect the quality of your eBooks, specially in the eyes of your potential customers.

These kind of four basic steps are usually the base for selling eBooks to construct your internet business. Even though you do every little thing right, understand that it will get time before you begin seeing results. The benefits will occur in time though if you keep working at it.

For more information, go to Signo editores and also Signo editores

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